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Clinical Proof
Clinical Proof
A full scale double blind placebo clinical trial was conducted to establish the effects of a magnetic breathing device on athletic performance.
The clinical trial was carried out under the auspices of the South African Sports Institute under the supervision of Dr Craig Roberts, who was monitored by Professor Martin Schwellnus and Dr Andrew Bosch.
The University of Cape Town and Medical Research Council of South Africa provided the protocols to carry out the trial on 131 athletes. A number of studies have been carried out to determine the effects of magnetic induction on the following:
Nervous system
Musculoskeletal system
Cardiovascular system
Immune system
Gene expression
Enzymes
Cell membranes
Molecular activity
Effects on cellular regeneration
Effects on energy levels
Fact Sheet:
1. Magnetism arises from the motion of electrically charged particles (electrons) producing a magnetic moment
2. Strength of a magnetic field is its magnetic flux density measured in Tesla (1Gauss = 1/10000T)
3. Earth’s magnetic field = 0.5G
4. Any structure placed in a magnetic field will react at an atomic or quantum level, this can alter molecular structure and function.
5. Molecular effects of magnetic fields:
1. Water
1 Hydrogen bonding 1
2 Surface tension 1
3 Solubility 2,3
4 Ability to hold a magnetic charge for up to 24 hours 1
2. Oxygen is highly paramagnetic it exhibits a degree of magnetism that is proportional to the strength of the field it is placed 4,5
References:
1. Miller R. Methods of detecting and measuring healing energies in Future Science, 1977; 431-44.
2. Johnson KE et al. The effectiveness of a magnetized water irrigator on plaque, calculus and gingival health. J.Clin.Peridontol. 1998;25:316-321
3. Watt DL et al. The effect of oral irrigation with a magnetic water treatment device on plaque and calculus. J.Clin.Peridontol. 1993;20:314-7.
4. Saini S et al. Magnetism: a primer and review. AJR Am.J.Roentgenol. 1988;150:735-43.
5. Young HD et al University Physics. Addison Wesley, 2003.
Cellular effects of magnetic fields:
Enzyme activity
Cytocrome C oxidize (300mT field – 90% increase) 1,2
Myosin light chain kinase 3
Gene expression
Cell growth and differentiation 4-6
Iron transport 7
Membrane permeability 6,8-11
References:
1. Gorczynska E et al. Effect of magnetic field on the process of cell respiration in mitochondria of rats. Physiol Chem.Phys.Med.NMR 1986;18:61-9.
2. Nossol B et al. Influence of weak static magnetic field and 50 Hz magnetic fields on redox activity of cytochrome-c oxidize. Bioelectromagnetics 1993;14:361-72.
3. Coulton LA et al. The effect of static magnetic fields on the rate of calcium/calmodulin-dependant phosphorylation of myosin light chain. Bioelectromagnetics 2000;21:189-96
4. De Mattei M et al. Changes in polyamines, c-myc anc c-fos gene expression in osteoblast-like cells exposed to pulsed electromagnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetics 2005;26:207-14
5. Potenza L et al. Effects of static magnetic field on cell growth and gene expression in Escherichia coli. Mutat.Res. 2004;561:53-62.
6. Miyakoshi J. the review of cellular effects of a static magnetic field. Science and Technology of advanced Materials. 2006;7:305-307.
7. Aldinucci C et al. the effect of strong magnetic field on lymphocytes. Bioelectromagnetics 2003;24:109-17.
8. Aoki H et al. Effects of static magnetic fields on membrane permeability of a cultured cell line. Res.Commum.Chem.Pathol.Pharmacol. 1990;69:103-6.
9. Ohata R et al. Effect of a static magnetic field on ion transport in a cellulose membrane, J.Colloid Inteface Sci. 2004;270:413-6.
10. Rosen AD. Mechanism and action of moderate intensity magnetic fields on biological systems. Cell Biochem.Biophys. 2003;39:163-73.
11. Roren AD. Effect of a 125mT static magnetic field on the kinetics of voltage activated Na+ channels in GH3 cells. Bioelectromagnetics 2003;24:517-23.
3. Physiological effects of magnetic fields:
a. Central nervous system
Reducing perceived pain and discomfort 1-5
Altering mood state 6-13
Neurotransmitter levels 8,14,15
References:
1. Alfano AP et al. Static magnetic fields for treatment of fibromyalgia: a randomized controlled trail. J.Altern.Complement.Med 2001;7:52-64
2. Brown CS et al. Efficacy of static magnetic field therapy in chronic pelvic pain: a double –blind pilot study. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 2002;187:1581-7.
3. Eccles NK. A critical review of randomized controlled trails of static magnets for pain relief. J.Altern.Complement Med. 2005;11:495-509.
4. Weintraub MI et al. A randomized controlled trail of the effects of a combination of static and dynamic magnetic fields on carpal tunnel syndrome. Pain Medicine (OnlineEarly Articles). 2007.
5. Weintraub MI et al. Static magnetic field therapy for symptomatic diabetic neuropathy: a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trail. Arch.Phys.Med.Rehabil. 2003;84:736-46.
6. Baker-Price LA et al. Weak, but complex pulsed magnetic fields may reduce depression following traumatic brain injury. Percept.Mot.Skills. 1996;83:491-8.
7. George MS et al. Transcranial magnetic stimulation: a neuropsychiatric tool for the 21st century. J.Neuropsychiatry Clin.Neurosci. 1996;8:373-82.
8. George MS et al. Changes in mood and hormone levels after rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the prefrontal cortex. J.Neuropsychiatry Clin.Neurosci. 1996;8:172-80.
9. George MS et al. Improvement of depression following transcranial magnetic stimulation. Curr.Psychiatry Rep. 1999;1:114-24.
10. George MS et al. A controlled trial of daily left prefrontal cortex TMS for treating depression. Biol.Psychiatry 2000;48:962-70.
11. Goldman J et al. What is transcranial magnetic stimulation? Harv.Ment.Health Lett. 2000;17:8.
12. Kirkcaldie MT et al. Transcranial magnetic stimulation as therapy for depression and other disorders. Aust.N.Z.J.Psychiatry 1997;31:264-72.
13. Kozel FA et al. Meta-analysis of left prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to treat depression. J.Psychiatr.Pract. 2002;8:270-5.
14. Lee BC et. Prenatal exposure to magnetic field increases dopamine levels in the striatum of offspring. Clin.Exp.Pharmacol.Physiol 2001;28:884-6.
15. Sandyk R et al. Magnetic fields and seasonality of affective illness: implications for therapy. Int.J.Neurosci. 1991;58:261-7.
3. Physiological effects of magnetic fields:
b. Peripheral nervous system
Increased peripheral nerve excitability 1
Enhanced action potential and excitatory synaptic action potential 2,3
References:
1. Hong CZ. Static magnetic field influence on human nerve function. Arch.Phys.Med.Rehabil. 1987;68:162-4.
2. Rosen AD et al. Magnetic field influence on central nervous system function. Exp.Neurol. 1987;95:679-87.
3. Ye SR et al. Effect of static magnetic fields on the amplitude of action potential in the lateral giant neuron of crayfish. Int.J.Radiat.Biol. 2004;80:699-708.
3. Physiological effects of magnetic fields:
c. Cardiovascular system
Increased haematocrit 1
Increased haemoglobin concentration 1
Altered RBC orientation 2
Altered micro-vascular and vascular tone 3-7
Decreased heart rate 8
References:
1. Chater S et al. Effects of sub-acute exposure to static magnetic field on haematologic and biochemical parameters in pregnant rats. Electromagn.Biol.Med. 2006;25:135-44.
2. Higashi T et al. Orientation of erythrocytes in a strong static magnetic field. Blood 1993;82:1328-34.
3. Mayrovitz HN,.Groseclose EE. Effects of a static magnetic field of either polarity on skin microcirculation. Microvasc.Res. 2005;69:24-7.
4. Morris C, Skalak T. Static magnetic fields alter arteriolar tone in vivo. Bioelectromagnetics 2005;26:1-9.
5. Gorczynska E et al. Effect of magnetic field on the process of cell respiration in mitochondria of rats. Physiol Chem.Phys.Med.NMR 1986;18:61-9.
6. Okano H et al. Effects of a moderate-intensity static magnetic field on VEGF-A stimulated endothelial capillary tubule formation in vitro. Bioelectromagnetics 2006.
7. Okano H,.Ohkubo C. Elevated plasma nitric oxide metabolites in hypertension: synergistic vasodepressor effects of a static magnetic field and nicardipine in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Clin.Hemorheol.Microcirc. 2006;34:303-
8. Veliks V et al. Static magnetic field influence on rat brain function detected by heart rate monitoring. Bioelectromagnetics 2004;25:211-5.
3. Physiological effects of magnetic fields:
d. Musculoskeletal system
Enhanced bone growth 1-6
Altered collagen growth and orientation 4,6-8
Altered muscle morphology and repair 9,10
References:
1. Singh P et al. Augmented bone-matrix formation and osteogenesis under magnetic field stimulation in vivo XRD, TEM and SEM investigations. Indian J.Biochem.Biophys. 2006;43:167-72.
2. Xu S et al. Static magnetic field effects on bone formation of rats with an ischemic bone model. Biomed.Mater.Eng 2001;11:257-63.
3. Guerkov HH,et al. Pulsed electromagnetic fields increase growth factor release by nonunion cells. Clin.Orthop.Relat Res. 2001;265-79.
4. Huang HM et al. Static magnetic fields up-regulate osteoblast maturity by affecting local differentiation factors. Clin.Orthop.Relat Res. 2006;447:201-8.
5. McDonald F. Effect of static magnetic fields on osteoblasts and fibroblasts in vitro. Bioelectromagnetics 1993;14:187-96.
6. Kotani H, et al. Strong static magnetic field stimulates bone formation to a definite orientation in vitro and in vivo. J.Bone Miner.Res. 2002;17:1814-21.
7. Dubey N et al. Guided neurite elongation and schwann cell invasion into magnetically aligned collagen in simulated peripheral nerve regeneration. Exp.Neurol 1999;158:338-50.
8. Torbet J, Ronziere MC. Magnetic alignment of collagen during self-assembly. Biochem.J. 1984;219:1057-9.
9. Zhang J, Clement D, Taunton J. The efficacy of Farabloc, an electromagnetic shield, in attenuating delayed-onset muscle soreness. Clin.J.Sport Med. 2000;10:15-21.
10. Iwasaka M, Miyakoshi J, Ueno S. Magnetic field effects on assembly pattern of smooth muscle cells. In Vitro Cell Dev.Biol.Anim 2003;39:120-3.
4. Magnetic fields have been used to successfully treat
Fractures 1-4
Pain 5,6
Wounds 7,8
Neuropathy 9
Depression 10-18
References:
2. Sharrard WJ. Pulsed electromagnetic fields. J.Bone Joint Surg.Br. 1992;74:630.
3. Singh P et al. Augmented bone-matrix formation and osteogenesis under magnetic field stimulation in vivo XRD, TEM and SEM investigations. Indian J.Biochem.Biophys. 2006;43:167-72.
4. Xu S et al. Static magnetic field effects on bone formation of rats with an ischemic bone model. Biomed.Mater.Eng 2001;11:257-63.
5. Alfano AP et al. Static magnetic fields for treatment of fibromyalgia: a randomized controlled trial. J.Altern.Complement Med. 2001;7:53-64.
6. Brown CS et al. Efficacy of static magnetic field therapy in chronic pelvic pain: a double-blind pilot study. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 2002;187:1581-7.
7. Lee RC et al. A review of the biophysical basis for the clinical application of electric fields in soft-tissue repair. J.Burn Care Rehabil. 1993;14:319-35.
8. Szor JK,.Holewinski P. Lessons learned in research: an attempt to study the effects of magnetic therapy. Ostomy.Wound.Manage. 2002;48:24-9.
9. Weintraub MI, et al. Static magnetic field therapy for symptomatic diabetic neuropathy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arch.Phys.Med.Rehabil. 2003;84:736-46.
10. Baker-Price LA,.Persinger MA. Weak, but complex pulsed magnetic fields may reduce depression following traumatic brain injury. Percept.Mot.Skills 1996;83:491-8.
11. George MS et al. Transcranial magnetic stimulation: a neuropsychiatric tool for the 21st century. J.Neuropsychiatry Clin.Neurosci. 1996;8:373-82.
12. George MS, et al. Changes in mood and hormone levels after rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the prefrontal cortex. J.Neuropsychiatry Clin.Neurosci. 1996;8:172-80. George MS et al. Improvement of depression following transcranial magnetic stimulation. Curr.Psychiatry Rep. 1999;1:114-24.
13. George MS, et al. A controlled trial of daily left prefrontal cortex TMS for treating depression. Biol.Psychiatry 2000;48:962-70.
14. George MS et al. Mechanisms and the current state of transcranial magnetic stimulation. CNS.Spectr. 2003;8:496-514.
15. George MS et al. Transcranial magnetic stimulation. Neurosurg.Clin.N.Am. 2003;14:283-301.
16. Goldman J et al. What is transcranial magnetic stimulation? Harv.Ment.Health Lett. 2000;17:8.
17. Kirkcaldie MT et al. Transcranial magnetic stimulation as therapy for depression and other disorders. Aust.N.Z.J.Psychiatry 1997;31:264-72.
18. Kozel FA,.George MS. Meta-analysis of left prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to treat depression. J.Psychiatr.Pract. 2002;8:270-5.
The clinical trial set out to answer the question:
Does regular use of calibrated magnetic breathing devices improve peak power output and exercise time to exhaustion on a maximum cycle test and what effect does this have on athletic performance?
The test employed a comparative double blind placebo and was measured after 2 and 4 weeks of usage.
The clinical trial was carried on:
1. 131 healthy subjects
2. Recruited from running, cycling, swimming, triathlon, underwater hockey, hockey, rugby and athletic clubs in two cities in South Africa (Durban and Pretoria)
3. Following a baseline maximal cycle test the subjects were randomly allocated various devices:
1. Placebo (n=52)
2. Type I (The Accelerate device)
3. Type II (test control device)
4. Subjects were instructed to use the device every 30min while awake (facilitated by built in timer)
5. Subjects were requested to record their daily usage of the device, training volume and intensity (no significant difference p> 0.05)
6. Subjects were re-tested after 2 weeks and 4 weeks of use.
The controlled groups were measured to provide responses as follows:
1. Peak Power Output calculated as the final full workload completed + fraction of the uncompleted load (Watts)
2. Exercise time was calculated as the amount of time the subjects were able to exercise until they terminated the test due to exhaustion.
3. Heart rate response at completion of each level
4. Subjects were asked to record their rating of perceived exertion (RPE) at the end of each completed level (Borg scale)
  1. After 4 weeks of use the Accelerate magnetic breathing device significantly improved Peak Power Output (+13.8%) compared to a non-magnetic placebo (+ 6.9%) and a super charged control device (no change).
2. After 4 weeks there was a significant improvement in mean exercise time in all groups :
1. Placebo: 53 seconds
2. Accelerate 85seconds
3. Super charged device 53 seconds
3. After 4 weeks of use the Accelerate group had a significant reduction in heart rate after 4.5min and 7min of exercise.
4. Both the high strength and low strength magnetic devices were able to exert a change in RPE.
5. The mechanisms behind this increased athletic performance are determined as being due to the effects of magnetism on the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal and central nervous systems. This is a field which is enjoying increased research.
6. Studies on the effects of even very strong magnetic fields appear to be safe.
7. The Therahaler® Accelerate magnetic breathing device provides athletes with a safe and effective way of significantly increasing their performance.
 
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